\( \def\N{{\mathbb{N}}} \def\R{{\mathbb{R}}} \def\D{{\mathbb{D}}} \def\C{{\mathbb{C}}} \def\Z{{\mathbb{Z}}} \def\Q{{\mathbb{Q}}} \def\K{{\mathbb{K}}} \def\KX{{\mathbb{K}}[X]} \def\U{{\mathbb{U}}} \def\B{{\mathcal{B}}} \newcommand\ensfonctions[2]{\mathcal{F}(#1,#2)} \newcommand\classeck[3]{\mathcal{C}^{#1}(#2,#3)} \newcommand\range[2]{[| #1,#2 |]} \newcommand\mod[0]{\mathop{mod}} \newcommand\land[0]{\mathop{land}} \newcommand\matrices[3]{\mathcal{M}_{#1,#2}(#3)} \newcommand\matricescarres[2]{\mathcal{M}_{#1}(#2)} \newcommand\gln[2]{\mbox{GL}_{#1}(#2)} \newcommand\Support[1]{\mbox{Supp}(#1)} \newcommand\dom[0]{\mbox{dom}} \newcommand\uniondisjointe{\sqcup} \def\lt{<} \def\rR{\mathcal{R}} \newcommand\parties[1]{\mathcal{P}(#1)} \newcommand\entiere[1]{\left\lfloor #1 \right\rfloor} \newcommand\congru[3]{#1 = #2\ [#3]} \newcommand\enscomp[2]{\left\{\left.\ #1\ \right|\ #2\ \right\}} \newcommand\classe[1]{\overline{#1}} \newcommand\classemod[2]{\overline{#1}^{[#2]}} \newcommand\quotient[2]{#1 / #2} \newcommand\ZnZ[1]{\quotient{\Z}{#1 \Z}} \newcommand\card[1]{\text{Card}\ #1} \newcommand\indic{\mathbbm{1}} \newcommand\id{\mbox{id}} \newcommand\gO{\mathcal{O}} \newcommand\Perm[1]{\mathfrak{S}_#1} \newcommand\comb[2]{\binom{#1}{#2}} \newcommand\tend[2]{\xrightarrow[#1 \rightarrow #2]{}} \newcommand\limite[2]{\lim_{#1 \rightarrow #2}} \newcommand\application[5]{\begin{array}{rcccc} #1 & : & #2 & \mapsto & #3 \\ & & #4 & \mapsto & #5 \end{array}} \)